What items do you need to check for type 2 diabetes? What is the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?

An examination
Type 2 diabetes is caused by the inability of insulin to function effectively (less binding to the receptor). Therefore, it is necessary to check not only the fasting blood glucose, but also the blood sugar 2 hours after the meal, especially the islet function test.

What items do you need to check for type 2 diabetes? What is the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?

The specific values ​​are as follows: normal human fasting blood glucose: 3.9 to 6.1 mmol/L, and blood glucose is 7.8 mmol/L or less after 2 hours. For example, fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol / liter, blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol / liter 2 hours after a meal, can diagnose diabetes. For example, fasting blood glucose is 6.1 ~ 7.0 mmol / liter, blood sugar between 7.8 ~ 11.1 mmol / liter 2 hours after meal is impaired in glucose regulation, which is the manifestation of early diabetes. The urine sugar test is for reference only and cannot diagnose the basis of diabetes and medication.
Islet function test: The tester observed changes in blood sugar, insulin and C-peptide after oral administration of 75 g of glucose water 300 ml.


Diagnosis
In July 1997, the American Diabetes Association proposed diagnostic criteria for diabetes.
1. Have diabetes symptoms, and random blood sugar ≥ 11.1mmol / L. Randomized blood glucose refers to blood glucose values ​​at any given time. Typical symptoms of diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss without other causes.

2. Fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol / L, fasting state is defined as no calorie intake for at least 8 hours.

3. OGTT 2 hours of blood glucose ≥ 11.1mmol / L. OGTT is still in accordance with the requirements of the WHO.

A patient who does not have the symptoms of diabetes and meets one of the above criteria will be diagnosed with diabetes if he or she continues to meet one of the three criteria on the next day.

In the new taxonomy, diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are both hyperglycemic states, and glucose is normal for normal glucose status. The diagnostic criteria for IGT are: OGTT 2 hours of blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol / liter, but <11.1 mmol / liter, IFG is fasting blood glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol / liter but < 7.0 mmol / liter.

Diagnostic criteria for ADA diabetes in 2010:

1. Glycated hemoglobin HbA1c ≥ 6.5%.

2. Fasting blood glucose FPG ≥ 7.0mmol / L. Fasting is defined as no calorie intake for at least 8 hours.

3. Blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol / L for 2 hours during oral glucose tolerance test.

4. In patients with typical hyperglycemia or hyperglycemia crisis, random blood glucose ≥ 11.1mmol / L.
In the absence of clear hyperglycemia, criteria 1 to 3 should be confirmed by repeated tests.

Compared with the past, there are two aspects of improvement: increase the glycosylated hemoglobin index; weaken the symptom indicators, more people are included in the category of diabetes, get early diagnosis and treatment.