What items do you need to check for diabetes?

What items do you need to check for diabetes?

What items do you need to check for diabetes?

1. Blood sugar
It is the only standard for diagnosing diabetes. Those with obvious symptoms of "three more and one less" can be diagnosed with an abnormal blood sugar level. Asymptomatic patients need two abnormal blood glucose levels to diagnose diabetes. Suspicious people need to do a 75g glucose tolerance test.

2. Urine sugar
Often positive. Urine sugar is positive when the blood glucose concentration exceeds the renal sugar threshold (160 to 180 mg/dl). When the renal sugar threshold is increased, even if the blood glucose reaches the diagnosis of diabetes, it can be negative. Therefore, urine sugar determination is not a diagnostic criterion.



3. Urinary ketone body
Urinary ketone body positive in ketosis or ketoacidosis.

4. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
It is a product of the non-enzymatic reaction of glucose and hemoglobin. The reaction is irreversible and the HbA1c level is stable, which can reflect the average blood glucose level 2 months before blood collection. It is the most valuable indicator for judging blood sugar control status.

5. Glycosylated serum protein
It is a product of the combination of blood glucose and serum albumin non-enzymatic reaction, reflecting the average blood glucose level 1 to 3 weeks before blood collection.

6. Serum insulin and C-peptide levels
Reflects the reserve function of islet beta cells. Type 2 diabetes early or obese serum insulin is normal or increased, with the development of the disease, islet function gradually declines, insulin secretion capacity declines.

7. Blood lipid
Diabetic patients often have dyslipidemia, especially when blood sugar control is poor. It is characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are reduced.

8. Immune index
Islet cell antibody (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies are three important indicators of humoral immune abnormalities in type 1 diabetes. The positive rate of GAD antibody is high and lasts for a long time. The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is of great value. There is also a certain positive rate in the first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetes, which has the significance of predicting type 1 diabetes.

9. Urinary albumin excretion, radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked method
Urinary albumin excretion can be detected sensitively, and urinary albumin is slightly elevated in early diabetic nephropathy.