What is diabetes? What are the causes of diabetes?

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar. Hyperglycemia is caused by defects in insulin secretion or its biological effects, or both. Hyperglycemia, which persists in diabetes, causes chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves.

What is diabetes? What are the causes of diabetes?

Cause

1. genetic factors
There is significant genetic heterogeneity in type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There is a family morbidity in diabetes, and 1/4 to 1/2 patients have a family history of diabetes. Clinically, at least 60 genetic syndromes can be associated with diabetes. Type 1 diabetes has multiple DNA sites involved in the pathogenesis, and the DQ polymorphism in the HLA antigen gene is most closely related. A variety of well-defined genetic mutations have been discovered in type 2 diabetes, such as the insulin gene, the insulin receptor gene, the glucokinase gene, and the mitochondrial gene.



2. envirnmental factor
Eating too much, obesity caused by reduced physical activity is the most important environmental factor for type 2 diabetes, making individuals with genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes prone to disease. Patients with type 1 diabetes have abnormalities in the immune system. After infection with certain viruses such as Coxsackie virus, rubella virus, and sputum adenovirus, they cause autoimmune reactions and destroy insulin β cells.