What are the diagnostic methods for diabetes?

Diagnosis of diabetes is generally not difficult, fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 7.0 mmol / liter, and / or two hours after the meal, blood glucose greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol / liter can be diagnosed. To diagnose after diagnosis of diabetes:

What are the diagnostic methods for diabetes?

Type 1.1 diabetes
The age of onset is light, mostly <30 years old, sudden onset, polydipsia, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, high blood sugar levels, many patients with ketoacidosis as the first symptom, serum insulin and C-peptide levels are low, ICA, IAA Or GAD antibodies can be positive. Oral medication alone is not effective and requires insulin therapy.

Type 2.2 diabetes
Common in middle-aged and elderly people, obesity has a high incidence, often accompanied by high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis and other diseases. Insidious onset, no symptoms in the early stage, or only mild fatigue, thirst, blood sugar is not obvious, need to do a glucose tolerance test to confirm the diagnosis. Serum insulin levels are normal or elevated early and are low in the late stage.


Differential diagnosis

1. Liver Disease
Patients with cirrhosis often have abnormal glucose metabolism. Typical fasting blood glucose is normal or low, and postprandial blood glucose rises rapidly. The fasting blood glucose of the elderly with the disease can also increase.

2. Chronic renal insufficiency
Abnormal light glucose metabolism can occur.

3. Stress state
Many stress states such as heart and cerebrovascular accidents, acute infections, trauma, and surgery can cause a transient increase in blood glucose, which can be restored 1 to 2 weeks after the stress factor is removed.

4. Multiple endocrine diseases
Such as acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, glucagonoma can cause secondary diabetes, in addition to elevated blood sugar, there are other characteristic manifestations, it is not difficult to identify.